Allographic Design

Our typographic approach examines the shared visual elements and structures between Arabic and Hebrew script systems, creating bridges between these Semitic writing traditions.

ب ב

Bet / Ba

Both letters descend from Proto-Semitic 𐤁 (bēt) meaning "house" and share similar phonology (/b/ sound).

د ד

Dalet / Dal

Both derived from Proto-Semitic 𐤃 (dālet) meaning "door" and represent the /d/ sound in their respective languages.

م מ

Mem / Mim

Both evolved from Proto-Semitic 𐤌 (mēm) meaning "water" and represent the /m/ sound.

ش ש

Shin / Shin

Both derived from Proto-Semitic 𐤔 (šīn) meaning "tooth" and represent similar sibilant sounds.

ع ע

Ayin / Ain

Both evolved from Proto-Semitic 𐤏 (ʿayin) meaning "eye" and represent pharyngeal/guttural sounds.

ك כ

Kaf / Kaf

Both derived from Proto-Semitic 𐤊 (kāp) meaning "palm of hand" and represent the /k/ sound.

Script Evolution

The development of Arabic and Hebrew scripts shares common ancestral roots, evolving from Proto-Semitic through various historical transformations.

c. 1800 BCE

Proto-Sinaitic Script

The earliest known alphabetic writing system, developed in the Sinai Peninsula, combined Egyptian hieroglyphs with Semitic languages.

c. 1100 BCE

Phoenician Alphabet

Standardized form of linear consonantal alphabet that was the ancestor to both Hebrew and Arabic scripts, spreading throughout the Mediterranean.

c. 900 BCE

Paleo-Hebrew Script

The Hebrew script diverges from Phoenician, developing its own distinctive character shapes while maintaining the same letter order.

c. 800 BCE

Aramaic Script

Becomes the dominant script in the Middle East, influencing the further development of both Hebrew and Arabic scripts.

c. 200 BCE

Square Hebrew Script

The modern Hebrew script emerges from the Aramaic tradition, with the distinct square-like characters we recognize today.

c. 400 CE

Nabataean Script

Precursor to the Arabic script, develops from Aramaic and features early forms of the connected cursive style.

c. 600 CE

Classical Arabic Script

Arabic script is standardized after the rise of Islam, with the distinctive cursive connected form and diacritical marks.

سلام שלום
Translation: "Peace"

From the Semitic root S-L-M (س-ل-م / ש-ל-ם) meaning "wholeness, completeness, peace." Both words appear in greetings and farewells in their respective cultures.

بيت בית
Translation: "House"

From the Semitic root B-Y-T (ب-ي-ت / ב-י-ת) meaning "dwelling, home." This root appears in many compound words and place names in both languages.

كتاب כתב
Translation: "Book/Writing"

From the Semitic root K-T-B (ك-ت-ب / כ-ת-ב) meaning "to write." The Hebrew word refers to writing, while the Arabic word specifically means "book," both derived from the same concept.

أرض ארץ
Translation: "Earth/Land"

From the Semitic root ʾ-R-Ḍ (أ-ر-ض / א-ר-ץ) meaning "earth, land, ground." Both words are used in similar contexts to refer to territories and the physical earth.

Phonological Patterns

Arabic and Hebrew share systematic sound correspondences that reveal their historical relationship and evolution from Proto-Semitic.

Sibilant Shifts

سبع שבע
سمع שמע
سنة שנה

The Arabic /s/ (س) often corresponds to Hebrew /sh/ (ש), reflecting a historical sound shift between the languages.

Guttural Preservation

عين עין
حياة חיים
أخ אח

Both languages preserve various guttural and pharyngeal consonants that were present in Proto-Semitic, though modern Hebrew has lost some original pronunciations.

Emphatic Consonants

طريق דרך
ظلم צלם
صلاة תפילה

Arabic preserved the emphatic consonants of Proto-Semitic, while Hebrew merged some of these sounds with non-emphatic counterparts.

The Design Process

Creating harmonious Arabic-Hebrew typography requires a methodical approach that honors both traditions while exploring their connections.

1

Letter Analysis

Studying the historical and structural relationships between corresponding Arabic and Hebrew characters.

2

Shared Features

Identifying common geometric elements and stroke patterns between script pairs.

3

Transition Design

Creating transitional forms that bridge the gap between scripts while maintaining legibility.

4

System Integration

Developing a coherent typographic system that allows scripts to coexist harmoniously.

Explore 3arabrew

Dive deeper into the connections between Arabic and Hebrew through our workshops, exhibitions, and linguistic resources.